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以自制的两性聚丙烯酰胺分散体系作为污水絮凝剂,考查对城市污水的处理能力。以絮体体积和上清液的透光率为考查参数,研究了聚合物用量、聚合物的离子度、体系pH值和样品溶解时的盐浓度对絮凝效果的影响,并与离子型絮凝剂进行了比较。研究发现,两性聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝能力比阴离子型聚合物的絮凝能力强,比阳离子型聚合物的絮凝能力略强,最佳使用量为3.0 mg.L-1。两性聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝能力受离子度的影响,离子基团越多,絮凝能力越强,但过多的离子基团可带来负面影响。两性聚丙烯酰胺对体系的pH值的适应范围较宽。两性聚丙烯酰胺在应用时需先用1%的氯化钠溶液溶解,盐浓度过低时聚合物不能充分溶解,高于此值对絮凝过程无明显影响。 相似文献
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A unified physico-chemical model, based on a modified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, for the analysis of ion complexation reactions involving charged polymeric systems is presented and verified. In this model pH = pKa+p(ΔKa) + log(α/1 − α) where Ka is the intrinsic acid dissociation constant of the ionizable functional groups on the polymer, ΔKa is the deviation of the intrinsic constant due to electrostatic interaction between the hydrogen ion and the polyanion, and alpha (α) is the polyacid degree of ionization. Using this approach pKa values for repeating acidic units of polyacrylic (PAA) and polymethacrylic (PMA) acids were found to be 4.25 ± 0.03 and 4.8 ± 0.1, respectively. The polyion electrostatic deviation term derived from the potentiometric titration data (i.e. p(ΔKa)) is used to calculate metal ion concentration at the complexation site on the surface of the polyanion. Intrinsic cobalt-polycarboxylate binding constants (7.5 for PAA and 5.6 for PMA), obtained using this procedure, are consistent with the range of published binding constants for cobalt-monomer carboxylate complexes. In two phase systems incorporation of a Donnan membrane potential term allows determination of the intrinsic pKa of a cross-linked PMA gel, pKa = 4.83, in excellent agreement with the value obtained for the linear polyelectrolyte and the monomer. Similarly, the intrinsic stability constant for cobalt ion binding to a PMA-gel (βCoPMA+ = 11) was found to be in agreement with the linear polyelectrolyte analogue and the published data for cobalt-carboxylate monodentate complexes. 相似文献
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The aim of this paper was to investigate a novel method of polyelectrolyte injection into deep bed filter media. The raw water and the filter media used in the pilot filters were obtained from the Omerli Reservoir that supplies one million m3/day of water to the greater city of Istanbul. A cationic polyelectrolyte was injected at the entrance of the filter and at different depths of the sand bed. The effect of polyelectrolyte injection location and method was evaluated by measuring the effluent turbidity, effluent particle count, and the head losses at different locations of the sand media. It was observed that the simultaneous injection of the polyelectrolyte on top of the filter bed and at the center can lengthen the filter run time while achieving an effluent turbidity as low as 0.06 NTU (nephelometric turbidity unit) and 4 log (99.99%) particle removal. 相似文献
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以硫酸铵水溶液为反应介质,以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主要单体,以甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)和丙烯酸(AA)为离子单体,以DMC均聚物(PDMC)为稳定剂,以2,2′-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-代)丙烷]二氢氯化物(V-50)为引发剂,采用水分散聚合技术,合成了流动性好、具有良好稳定性的两性聚丙烯酰胺分散体系。NMR1H谱表明,聚合物中DMC单元的含量与原料中所占的比例相近。所制备的两性聚电解质具有明显的反聚电解质效应。硫酸铵浓度、稳定剂浓度、引发剂浓度和pH值对分散体系的粒子形貌和聚合物的特性黏数都有较大的影响。最佳合成条件为:硫酸铵浓度31%~33%、分散剂用量为0.46 g·g-1、引发剂用量400 mg·kg-1和pH值为5~6。 相似文献
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